Ⅰ 世界著名的短篇小说
世界著名的短篇小说 :
雨果： 克洛德.格
欧文： 鬼新郎
左拉： 陪衬人
都德： 三部专大弥撒属
哈代： 富于想象的妇人
海涅： 帕格尼尼
普希金： 黑桃皇后
莫泊桑： 蛮子大妈
梅里美： 伊尔的美神
狄更斯： 穷人的专利
果戈理： 旧式的地主
司各特： 流浪汉威利的故事
契科夫： 宝贝儿
高尔基： 切尔卡希
巴尔扎克： 不为人知的杰作
马克.吐温 田纳西的新闻界
杰克.伦敦 变节者
屠格涅夫： 总管
欧. 亨利 爱的牺牲
Ⅱ 世界上最出名的短篇小说是什么
1.北岛来的一首诗,题目叫<生活>内容只源有一个字"网".
它被美国时代周刊评为世界上最短的小说.
2.英国《每日镜报》举行过一次“三字小说”征文活动,获得第一名的是“神垂死”。作者利物甫的鲁顿
主题忧郁,表达了对这个世界的种种忧虑。
3.世界上最后一个人正坐在房间里,突然,他听到了敲门声. ——很经典的
4.有这样一个比赛，要创作一部世界上最短的小说，要求涉及宗教，皇室，性和悬念。冠军得主的作品是这样的——上帝啊，女王怀孕了，谁干的？。
以上。
Ⅲ 世界著名短篇小说
THE GIFT OF THE
One dollar and eighty-seven cents. That was all. And sixty cents of it was in pennies. Pennies saved one and two at a time by bulldozing the grocer and the vegetable man and the butcher until one's cheeks burned with the silent imputation of parsimony that such close dealing implied. Three times Della counted it. One dollar and eighty- seven cents. And the next day would be Christmas.
There was clearly nothing to do but flop down on the shabby little couch and howl. So Della did it. Which instigates the moral reflection that life is made up of sobs, sniffles, and smiles, with sniffles predominating.
While the mistress of the home is graally subsiding from the first stage to the second, take a look at the home. A furnished flat at $8 per week. It did not exactly beggar description, but it certainly had that word on the lookout for the mendicancy squad.
In the vestibule below was a letter-box into which no letter would go, and an electric button from which no mortal finger could coax a ring. Also appertaining thereunto was a card bearing the name "Mr. James Dillingham Young."
The "Dillingham" had been flung to the breeze ring a former period of prosperity when its possessor was being paid $30 per week. Now, when the income was shrunk to $20, though, they were thinking seriously of contracting to a modest and unassuming D. But whenever Mr. James Dillingham Young came home and reached his flat above he was called "Jim" and greatly hugged by Mrs. James Dillingham Young, already introced to you as Della. Which is all very good.
Della finished her cry and attended to her cheeks with the powder rag. She stood by the window and looked out lly at a gray cat walking a gray fence in a gray backyard. Tomorrow would be Christmas Day, and she had only $1.87 with which to buy Jim a present. She had been saving every penny she could for months, with this result. Twenty dollars a week doesn't go far. Expenses had been greater than she had calculated. They always are. Only $1.87 to buy a present for Jim. Her Jim. Many a happy hour she had spent planning for something nice for him. Something fine and rare and sterling--something just a little bit near to being worthy of the honor of being owned by Jim.
There was a pier-glass between the windows of the room. Perhaps you have seen a pier-glass in an $8 flat. A very thin and very agile person may, by observing his reflection in a rapid sequence of longitudinal strips, obtain a fairly accurate conception of his looks. Della, being slender, had mastered the art.
Suddenly she whirled from the window and stood before the glass. her eyes were shining brilliantly, but her face had lost its color within twenty seconds. Rapidly she pulled down her hair and let it fall to its full length.
Now, there were two possessions of the James Dillingham Youngs in which they both took a mighty pride. One was Jim's gold watch that had been his father's and his grandfather's. The other was Della's hair. Had the queen of Sheba lived in the flat across the airshaft, Della would have let her hair hang out the window some day to dry just to depreciate Her Majesty's jewels and gifts. Had King Solomon been the janitor, with all his treasures piled up in the basement, Jim would have pulled out his watch every time he passed, just to see him pluck at his beard from envy.
So now Della's beautiful hair fell about her rippling and shining like a cascade of brown waters. It reached below her knee and made itself almost a garment for her. And then she did it up again nervously and quickly. Once she faltered for a minute and stood still while a tear or two splashed on the worn red carpet.
On went her old brown jacket; on went her old brown hat. With a whirl of skirts and with the brilliant sparkle still in her eyes, she fluttered out the door and down the stairs to the street.
Where she stopped the sign read: "Mne. Sofronie. Hair Goods of All Kinds." One flight up Della ran, and collected herself, panting. Madame, large, too white, chilly, hardly looked the "Sofronie."
"Will you buy my hair?" asked Della.
"I buy hair," said Madame. "Take yer hat off and let's have a sight at the looks of it."
Down rippled the brown cascade.
"Twenty dollars," said Madame, lifting the mass with a practised hand.
"Give it to me quick," said Della.
Oh, and the next two hours tripped by on rosy wings. Forget the hashed metaphor. She was ransacking the stores for Jim's present.
She found it at last. It surely had been made for Jim and no one else. There was no other like it in any of the stores, and she had turned all of them inside out. It was a platinum fob chain simple and chaste in design, properly proclaiming its value by substance alone and not by meretricious ornamentation--as all good things should do. It was even worthy of The Watch. As soon as she saw it she knew that it must be Jim's. It was like him. Quietness and value--the description applied to both. Twenty-one dollars they took from her for it, and she hurried home with the 87 cents. With that chain on his watch Jim might be properly anxious about the time in any company. Grand as the watch was, he sometimes looked at it on the sly on account of the old leather strap that he used in place of a chain.
When Della reached home her intoxication gave way a little to prudence and reason. She got out her curling irons and lighted the gas and went to work repairing the ravages made by generosity added to love. Which is always a tremendous task, dear friends--a mammoth task.
Within forty minutes her head was covered with tiny, close-lying curls that made her look wonderfully like a truant schoolboy. She looked at her reflection in the mirror long, carefully, and critically.
"If Jim doesn't kill me," she said to herself, "before he takes a second look at me, he'll say I look like a Coney Island chorus girl. But what could I do--oh! what could I do with a dollar and eighty- seven cents?"
At 7 o'clock the coffee was made and the frying-pan was on the back of the stove hot and ready to cook the chops.
Jim was never late. Della doubled the fob chain in her hand and sat on the corner of the table near the door that he always entered. Then she heard his step on the stair away down on the first flight, and she turned white for just a moment. She had a habit for saying little silent prayer about the simplest everyday things, and now she whispered: "Please God, make him think I am still pretty."
The door opened and Jim stepped in and closed it. He looked thin and very serious. Poor fellow, he was only twenty-two--and to be burdened with a family! He needed a new overcoat and he was without gloves.
Jim stopped inside the door, as immovable as a setter at the scent of quail. His eyes were fixed upon Della, and there was an expression in them that she could not read, and it terrified her. It was not anger, nor surprise, nor disapproval, nor horror, nor any of the sentiments that she had been prepared for. He simply stared at her fixedly with that peculiar expression on his face.
Della wriggled off the table and went for him.
"Jim, darling," she cried, "don't look at me that way. I had my hair cut off and sold because I couldn't have lived through Christmas without giving you a present. It'll grow out again--you won't mind, will you? I just had to do it. My hair grows awfully fast. Say `Merry Christmas!' Jim, and let's be happy. You don't know what a nice-- what a beautiful, nice gift I've got for you."
"You've cut off your hair?" asked Jim, laboriously, as if he had not arrived at that patent fact yet even after the hardest mental labor.
"Cut it off and sold it," said Della. "Don't you like me just as well, anyhow? I'm me without my hair, ain't I?"
Jim looked about the room curiously.
"You say your hair is gone?" he said, with an air almost of idiocy.
"You needn't look for it," said Della. "It's sold, I tell you--sold and gone, too. It's Christmas Eve, boy. Be good to me, for it went for you. Maybe the hairs of my head were numbered," she went on with sudden serious sweetness, "but nobody could ever count my love for you. Shall I put the chops on, Jim?"
Out of his trance Jim seemed quickly to wake. He enfolded his Della. For ten seconds let us regard with discreet scrutiny some inconsequential object in the other direction. Eight dollars a week or a million a year--what is the difference? A mathematician or a wit would give you the wrong answer. The magi brought valuable gifts, but that was not among them. This dark assertion will be illuminated later on.
Jim drew a package from his overcoat pocket and threw it upon the table.
"Don't make any mistake, Dell," he said, "about me. I don't think there's anything in the way of a haircut or a shave or a shampoo that could make me like my girl any less. But if you'll unwrap that package you may see why you had me going a while at first."
White fingers and nimble tore at the string and paper. And then an ecstatic scream of joy; and then, alas! a quick feminine change to hysterical tears and wails, necessitating the immediate employment of all the comforting powers of the lord of the flat.
For there lay The Combs--the set of combs, side and back, that Della had worshipped long in a Broadway window. Beautiful combs, pure tortoise shell, with jewelled rims--just the shade to wear in the beautiful vanished hair. They were expensive combs, she knew, and her heart had simply craved and yearned over them without the least hope of possession. And now, they were hers, but the tresses that should have adorned the coveted adornments were gone.
But she hugged them to her bosom, and at length she was able to look up with dim eyes and a smile and say: "My hair grows so fast, Jim!"
And them Della leaped up like a little singed cat and cried, "Oh, oh!"
Jim had not yet seen his beautiful present. She held it out to him eagerly upon her open palm. The ll precious metal seemed to flash with a reflection of her bright and ardent spirit.
"Isn't it a dandy, Jim? I hunted all over town to find it. You'll have to look at the time a hundred times a day now. Give me your watch. I want to see how it looks on it."
Instead of obeying, Jim tumbled down on the couch and put his hands under the back of his head and smiled.
"Dell," said he, "let's put our Christmas presents away and keep 'em a while. They're too nice to use just at present. I sold the watch to get the money to buy your combs. And now suppose you put the chops on."
The magi, as you know, were wise men--wonderfully wise men--who brought gifts to the Babe in the manger. They invented the art of giving Christmas presents. Being wise, their gifts were no doubt wise ones, possibly bearing the privilege of exchange in case of plication. And here I have lamely related to you the uneventful chronicle of two foolish children in a flat who most unwisely sacrificed for each other the greatest treasures of their house. But in a last word to the wise of these days let it be said that of all who give gifts these two were the wisest. O all who give and receive gifts, such as they are wisest. Everywhere they are wisest. They are the magi.
Ⅳ 世界著名短篇小说有哪些
(1)莫泊桑
十九世纪法国著名的批判现实主义小说家.1880年发表第一个短篇小说《羊脂球》,此后陆续写了一大批思想性和艺术性完美结合的短篇小说,博得世界短篇小说巨匠的赞誉.他的创作广泛而深刻地反映了十九世纪后半期的法国社会现实,无情地揭露了资产阶级道德风尚的丑恶,对下层社会的"小人物"寄予同情.小说构思新颖,描写生动,人物语言个性化,布局谋篇别具匠心.代表作有短篇小说《羊脂球》,《项链》等,长篇小说《一生》,《俊友》(又译做《漂亮的朋友》等.
(2)契可夫
十世世纪俄国批判现实主义作家,戏剧家和短篇小说艺术大师.他的早期合作讽刺和揭露了俄国社会官场人物媚上欺下的丑恶面目,写得谐趣横生,发人深思.八十年代中期,他创作了既幽默又富于悲剧的短篇小说,反映了社会底层人民的被侮辱被损害的不幸生活,具有深刻的思想意义.代表作有短篇小说《变色龙》,《苦恼》,《万卡》,《第六病室》,《套中人》等.
(3)欧.亨利
十九世纪末二十世纪初美国现实主义著名作家.曾被诬告罪入狱三年.后迁居纽约,专事写作,他几乎每周写一篇短篇小说,供报刊发表.他一生创作了近三百篇短篇小说和一部长篇小说,对腐朽的资本主义制度,反人道的法律,虚伪的道德给予揭露和讽刺.代表作有长篇小说《白菜与皇帝》,短篇小说《麦琪的礼物》,《警察与赞美诗》等.
Ⅳ 国外著名的短篇小说下载
（1）《安娜•卡列尼娜》
“幸福的家庭都相似，不幸的家庭各有各的不幸。”——《安娜•卡列尼娜》
作品赏析：《安娜•卡列尼娜》是俄国著名作家托尔斯泰最主要的代表作之一。这部作品刚刚问世，就引起了人们的广泛注意。与他同时代的俄罗斯作家陀思妥耶夫斯基甚至认为，这“是一部尽善尽美的艺术作品”，现代欧洲文学中简直“没有一个同类的东西可以和它相比”。安娜•卡列尼娜》确实是一部伟大的作品，作为一个现实主义作家，托尔斯泰在这部小说中创作了一幅无与伦比的19世纪70年代俄国社会生活的画卷。俄国诗人费特说，作者简直好像把整个时代都装进了这部小说。
反映时代：《安娜•卡列尼娜》创作于19世纪70年代(1873-1877)，当时俄国正处于历史大变动时期，俄国古老的封建地主受到西欧资本主义浪潮的猛烈冲击。“一切都颠倒了过来，一切都刚刚开始建立。”指的就是封建贵族的旧秩序被颠倒了过来，资本主义制度刚刚开始建立。在这新旧交替的历史时期，最吸引托尔斯泰注意的是家庭的变化和妇女的命运。家庭悲剧层出不穷，一幕幕展现在他的眼前，而一个妇女因爱情问题而卧轨自杀的消息，特别使他感到震惊和难过。这也许就是他创作《安娜•卡列尼娜》的直接原因。
（2）《飘》
作品赏析：《飘》是美国著名女作家玛格丽特•米歇尔创作的一部具有浪漫主义色彩、反映南北战争题材的小说。主人公斯佳丽身上表现出来的叛逆精神和艰苦创业、自强不息的精神，一直令读者为之倾心。美国南北战争前夕，佐治亚州塔拉庄园16岁的斯佳丽小姐疯狂地爱着邻居阿希礼•韦尔克斯。战争爆发后，阿希礼与他的表妹玫兰妮•汉密顿结了婚，斯佳丽一怒之下，嫁给了自己并不爱的查尔斯。不久，查尔斯在战争中病死，斯佳丽成了寡妇。在一次募捐舞会上，她与瑞特•巴特勒船长相识。战火逼近亚特兰大，斯佳丽在瑞特船长的帮助下逃离亚特兰大，回到塔拉庄园。看到昔日庄园已变成废墟，斯佳丽决心重振家园，为此不惜一切代价。不久，斯佳丽的第二任丈夫弗兰克在决斗中身亡，她再度守寡。瑞特真诚而热烈地爱着斯佳丽，不久斯佳丽嫁给了瑞特。虽然瑞特身上有同她类似的气质特征吸引着她，但同时她仍迷恋着曾爱过的阿希礼。瑞特带着伤心离开了斯佳丽，而斯佳丽此时却意识到瑞特才是惟一能和她真正相爱的人。
（3）《简•爱》
作品赏析：1847年，《简•爱》出版后，伦敦一片轰动，与作者夏洛蒂•勃朗特同时代的著名作家萨克雷称赞它是“一位伟大天才的杰作”。《简• 爱》描写了女主人公痛苦、磨难、反抗与追求的心灵历程。简•爱身材矮小，其貌不扬，但她却有着丰富的感情世界。她始终不卑不亢，维护着自己的人格尊严，赢得罗切斯特的尊敬与爱慕，虽历尽苦难，简•爱最终听从了心灵的呼唤，重新回到了在一场大火中失去了一切、双目失明的罗切斯特身边。两颗真诚相爱的心灵幸福地结合了。《简•爱》的成功，在于作品塑造了女主人公简•爱这个艺术形象。夏洛蒂曾对两个妹妹艾米莉•勃朗特和安妮•勃朗特说：“我要写一个女主角给你们看，她和我一样，貌不惊人，身材矮小，然而她却要和你们所写的任何一个女主角同样能引起读者的兴趣。”作者一反“郎才女貌”的传统写法，成功地塑造了一个貌不出众，矢志追求平等独立人格的新型妇女形象。
（4）《茶花女》
作品赏析：这是法国著名作家小仲马笔下的一个浪漫的爱情悲剧。玛格丽特是巴黎上流社会中的社交明星。她那非凡的美貌和超群的聪慧，使她成为富贵子弟的追逐对象。自从与阿尔芒结识后，阿尔芒的真挚与专一令玛格丽特深深感动，两个人倾心相爱。他们远离繁华闹市，在巴黎郊区过起了朴素无华的生活。这时，阿尔芒的父亲为了家庭的声誉恳请玛格丽特离开阿尔芒。为成全阿尔芒家庭的幸福，玛格丽特离开了阿尔芒。不知内情的阿尔芒，一再给玛格丽特种种侮辱、难堪。面对生活的沉重打击，她对人生更加心灰意冷。当阿尔芒得知真情赶到玛格丽特身边时，她因贫病交加、身心交瘁，孤苦伶仃地死在自己的寓所里。
（5）《钢铁是怎样炼成的》
作品赏析：《钢铁是怎样炼成的》是苏联著名作家奥斯特洛夫斯基的代表作，是苏联文学中最具代表性的名著之一，也是世界文学中最激动人心的作品之一。小说叙述了主人公保尔•柯察金的一生，为我们塑造了一个生命不息、奋斗不止的优秀布尔什维克形象。小说发表后，引起巨大反响，主人公保尔也成为苏联及我国青年学习的榜样，激励人们奋勇向前。
（6）《战争与和平》
作品赏析：托尔斯泰的代表作《战争与和平》是俄国文学史上第一部卷帙浩繁、长达130万字的史诗般长篇巨著。小说取材于1812年俄法战争时期，以1812年俄国卫国战争为中心，反映了从1805年至1820年的重大历史事件。小说从1805年彼得堡贵族谈论拿破仑在欧洲的征战写起，中经俄奥联军同拿破仑全线溃退，最后写到1825年十二月党人运动前夕。作品着重写了保尔康斯基、别祖霍夫、罗斯托夫、库拉金四十家族在战争与和平环境中的思想和行动，以四个家庭的主要成员安德烈、皮埃尔、娜塔莎的命运为贯穿始终的情节线索，描绘了俄国的社会风尚，展示了广阔的生活画卷。它是一部现实主义的、英雄史诗般的长篇小说。小说的出现，正值俄国批判现实主义文学空前繁荣时期，它像一颗璀璨的明星为俄国的文学增添了光彩，也为托尔斯泰赢得了世界文豪的声誉。
（7）《复活》
《复活》是俄国批判现实主义作家托尔斯泰的杰作，是世界文学的不朽名著之一。小说主人公卡秋莎•玛丝洛娃本是一个贵族地主家的养女，她被主人的侄子、贵族青年聂赫留朵夫公爵诱奸后遭到遗弃。由此她陷入了苦难的生活，她怀着身孕被主人赶走，四处漂泊，沦为妓女达八年之久。后来她被人诬陷谋财害命而被捕入狱。十年后，聂赫留朵夫以陪审员的身份出庭审理玛丝洛娃的案件。他认出了被告就是十年前被他遗弃的玛丝洛娃，他受到了良心的谴责。为了给自己的灵魂赎罪，他四处奔走为她减刑。当所有的努力都无效时，玛丝洛娃被押送去西伯利亚，聂赫留朵夫与她同行。途中，传来了皇帝恩准玛丝洛娃减刑的通知，苦役改为流放。这时的玛丝洛娃尽管还爱着聂赫留朵夫，但为了他的前途，拒绝了他的求婚，与政治犯西蒙松结合。这两个主人公的经历，表现了他们在精神上和道德上的复活。小说揭露了那些贪赃枉法的官吏，触及了旧法律的本质。
（8）《巴黎圣母院》
作品赏析：《巴黎圣母院》发表于1831年，是法国浪漫主义文学奠基者——雨果的第一部具有重大思想意义和艺术价值的长篇小说，被誉为浪漫主义的代表作。
小说通过吉普赛女郎爱斯美拉达，被巴黎圣母院副主教孚罗洛诬陷迫害致死的悲惨故事，深刻地揭露了教会的黑暗、僧侣的虚伪和封建贵族的残忍。小说描写的是15世纪的巴黎社会，贬斥的却是作者所处时代的社会现实，通篇充满了反封建、反教权和反社会黑暗的浪漫主义战斗精神。
（9）《高老头》
钱可以买到一切，买到女儿。—《高老头》
作品赏析：《高老头》是巴尔扎克的代表作之一，在《人间喜剧》中占有重要的地位。它是《人间喜剧》庞大结构中的一个枢纽站，被称为《人间喜剧》的 “序幕”。小说“撕下罩在家庭关系上的温情脉脉的面纱”，以极大的艺术力量批判了资本主义社会中人与人之间赤裸裸的金钱关系。小说的环境详细逼真，细节描写细腻生动，塑造典型人物性格突出，使作品具有极高的艺术魅力，至今仍吸引着全世界的读者。
（10）《老人与海》
《老人与海》是中篇小说。海明威著。发表于1952年。这是他20年代以来描写的“硬汉性格”的继续和发展。小说主要写一个饱经风霜的古巴老渔夫连续84天在海上打鱼而一无收获，第85天仍然继续去捕鱼，终于捕到了一条大马林鱼，但在返航的途中，又遇到了大群鲨鱼的围攻，老人桑提亚哥奋不顾身，与鲨鱼进行了三天的搏斗，结果当老人返回岸上时只剩下一副巨大的鱼骨架子了。小说通过人与自然的斗争，表达了人要勇敢地面对失败的主题。桑提亚哥在同象征厄运的鲨鱼的斗争中虽然失败了，但他并没有在厄运面前屈服，认为人虽可以暂时战败，但人的精神和意志是永远也打不垮的。“一个人并不是生来要给打败的，你尽可以把他消灭掉，可就是打不败他”。小说在艺术上具有很高的概括性、寓言性和象征性。运用反衬法、内心独白来刻画人物性格，语言清澈流畅、朴素无华。
（11）《十日谈》
作品赏析：《十日谈》是一部短篇小说集，它是意大利文艺复兴时期最早的代表作家卜伽丘对后世影响最大的作品，是欧洲近代文学史上第一部现实主义作品。写于1384年，成书于1353年。小说文笔精练，语言生动。作品开端叙述10个男女青年为躲避黑死病，住在佛罗伦萨乡间的一个别墅里，每天每人讲一个故事，在10天中轮流讲了100个故事，故名《十日谈》。它反映了当时意大利的广阔现实社会，反对禁欲主义，歌颂男女爱情，反对等级特权，宣扬人类平等，揭露贵族的腐朽和愚昧，抨击僧侣的虚伪和荒谬。故事大都取材于历史事件、中世纪的民间传说和东方民间故事。在形式上突破了中世纪小说单纯讲故事的方式，企图在描写自然风貌、勾勒人物特征、刻画人物心理和雕塑形象方面探索新的途径，对后来欧洲小说的发展有重大影响。
Ⅵ 世界上著名的短篇小说，一定要短
雨果： 克洛德.格
欧文： 鬼新郎
左拉： 陪衬人
都德： 三部大弥撒内
哈代： 富于想容象的妇人
海涅： 帕格尼尼
普希金： 黑桃皇后
莫泊桑： 蛮子大妈
梅里美： 伊尔的美神
狄更斯： 穷人的专利
果戈理： 旧式的地主
司各特： 流浪汉威利的故事
契科夫： 宝贝儿
高尔基： 切尔卡希
巴尔扎克： 不为人知的杰作
马克.吐温 田纳西的新闻界
杰克.伦敦 变节者
屠格涅夫： 总管
欧. 亨利 爱的牺牲
Ⅶ 世界上最著名的三部短篇小说的作者是
法.莫泊桑
俄.契可夫
美.欧.亨利
（1）莫泊桑
十九世纪法国著名的批判现实主义小说家。1880年发表第一个短篇小说《羊脂球》，此后陆续写了一大批思想性和艺术性完美结合的短篇小说，博得世界短篇小说巨匠的赞誉。他的创作广泛而深刻地反映了十九世纪后半期的法国社会现实，无情地揭露了资产阶级道德风尚的丑恶，对下层社会的“小人物”寄予同情。小说构思新颖，描写生动，人物语言个性化，布局谋篇别具匠心。代表作有短篇小说《羊脂球》、《项链》等，长篇小说《一生》、《俊友》（又译做《漂亮的朋友》等。
（2）契可夫
十九世世纪俄国批判现实主义作家、戏剧家和短篇小说艺术大师。他的早期合作讽刺和揭露了俄国社会官场人物媚上欺下的丑恶面目，写得谐趣横生，发人深思。八十年代中期，他创作了既幽默又富于悲剧的短篇小说，反映了社会底层人民的被侮辱被损害的不幸生活，具有深刻的思想意义。代表作有短篇小说《变色龙》、《苦恼》、《万卡》、《第六病室》、《套中人》等。
（3）欧.亨利
十九世纪末二十世纪初美国现实主义著名作家。曾被诬告罪入狱三年。后迁居纽约，专事写作，他几乎每周写一篇短篇小说，供报刊发表。他一生创作了近三百篇短篇小说和一部长篇小说，对腐朽的资本主义制度、反人道的法律、虚伪的道德给予揭露和讽刺。代表作有长篇小说《白菜与皇帝》，短篇小说《麦琪的礼物》、《警察与赞美诗》等。