短篇小說閱讀題高考

Ⅰ 求10篇 短篇閱讀 及問題答案

那個水平的?
找個高中的吧.
一、常見題型分析

(一)主旨大意題

主旨大意題在閱讀理解試題中所佔比例及難度都相當大。主旨大意是作者在文章中要表達的主要內容，是全文的核心，作者在文章中努力通過各種細節信息來闡明中心話題。因此，把握主旨大意對於正確理解全文具有重要意義。要找出主旨大意，應採用快速閱讀法瀏覽全文，閱讀時要注意抓住表達中心思想的句子。文章不同，中心句在文章中的位置也就不同，但一般情況下閱讀時應特別留意文章的開頭、結尾及各個段落的首句和尾句，因為它們往往包含文章的中心議題。更多精彩盡在《試題調研》第9輯《考前搶分必備》

常見的命題方式：

What is the main idea of this passage?

What dose this passage mainly concern?

The main theme of this passage is_____________

The main point of the passage is___________

Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

The title that best expresses the theme of the passage is______

The purpose of the writer writing this passage is_____

Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole?

文章主題常常可以通過文章的寫作方法來體現，有以下幾種情況：

1。題句位於句首。主題句出現在文首，開門見山，提出主題，隨之用細節來解釋、支撐主題句所表達的主題思想。這是英語中最常見的演繹寫作法。2。主題句位於段末。主題句出現在文章結尾是作者採用了先擺事實，後作結論的手法。這種段落稱作歸納型段落。這是英語中最常見的歸納寫作法。3. 主題句首尾呼應。為突出主題，作者先提出主題，結尾時再次點出主題，這種首尾呼應的寫作方法也較為多見。通常，前後表述主題的句子不是簡單的重復，後面的表述往往有進一步的引申或發展的意味。4。主題句位於段落的中間。主題句出現在文章的中間，通常前面只提出問題，文章的主題由隨之陳述的細節或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導出，而後又作進一步的解釋、說明或發展。5。主題句隱含在段意之中。全文沒有明確的主題句。其中心思想包含在各個句子中，在這種情況下，讀者要把所有已知的細節綜合起來，進行邏輯推理，概括歸納出主題句。

【典例1】 The global energy crisis is approaching. What can we do? Here are some steps you can take。

Cooling puts the greatest stress on your summer energy bill and the power grid(電網). Just as a tune-up for your car can improve your gas mileage, a yearly tune-up of your heating and cooling system can improve efficiency and comfort. Clean or replaces filters monthly or as needed。

……

Drive the car that gets better gas mileage whenever possible if you own more than one vehicle. If you drive 12,500 miles a year, switching 10 percent of your trips from a car that gets 20 miles per gallon to one that gets 30 mpg will save you more than ￡65 per year。

Carpool. The average U.S. commuter(乘車上班族) could save about ￡260 a year by sharing cars twice a week with two people in a car that gets 20.1 mpg—assuming the three passengers share the cost of gas. (2008·安徽卷)

This passage is mainly about ________。

A. energy-saving tips B. fuel-saving tips

C. do-it-yourself tips D. environment-protecting tips

【解析】 本文主要介紹了如何節約能源。本文是一篇科普文章，主題很明顯，文章一開始就點明了主題，接下來整篇文章都是圍繞如何save energy展開，而save fuel僅僅只是其中的一部分。故選A。針對主旨大意類題目，應採用快速閱讀法(Skimming)瀏覽全文。在閱讀時，應特別注意文章的開頭、結尾及段落的段首句和段尾句，因為他們往往名包含文章的中心議題。

【典例2】 Domestic (馴養的) horses now pull ploughs, race in the Kentucky Derby, and carry police. But early horses weren』t tame (馴服的) enough to perform these kinds of tasks. Scientists think the first interactions humans had with horses were far different from those today。

Thousands of years ago, people killed the wild horses that lived around them for food. Over time, people began to catch the animals and raise them. This was the first step in domestication。

……

The domestication of horses has had great effects on societies. For example, horse were important tools in the advancement of modern agriculture. Using them to pull ploughs and carry heavy loads allowed people to farm more efficiently. Before they were able to ride horses, humans had to cross land on foot. Riding horses allowed people to travel far greater distance in much less time. That encouraged populations living in different areas to interact with one another. The new from of rapid transportation helped cultures spread around the world. (2008·北京卷)

The passage is mainly about _______。

A. why humans domesticated horses

B. how humans and horses needed each other

C. why horses came in different shapes and sizes

D. how human societies and horses influenced each other

【解析】 本文以時間為順序，記敘了人類對馬的馴化以及馬對人類的生活所產生的重要影響。本題考查主旨大意。前四段說明，人類馴養了野馬，使得馬的種類繁多，這是人類社會對馬的影響；最後一段說明，馬作為交通工具加速了人類文化傳播的進程。故文章的主題應是D所說的內容。此主題句出現在文章的最後一段。如果文章沒有明確的主題句，文章的中心思想往往包含在各個段落中，考生可採取提綱挈領的方法，通過分析細節把文章的要點歸納出來，概括出全文的中心思想。

選擇標題屬主旨大意題，是閱讀理解題常考的題型之一。那麼怎麼樣選擇文章的標題？ 選擇文章標題屬深層次理解題，它要求考生在通讀全文的基礎上，認真分析主人公的特定心態、文章大意及作者寫作意圖，在此基礎上，所選出的標題還應做到概括性、針對性、醒目性的有機結合。

1。概括性原則 要求標題應在最大限度上覆蓋全文，囊括文章的主要內容，體現文章的主旨。標題實際上是文章主題的一種確認方式。前面我們提到，通過尋找主題句，往往很容易確定短文的標題。但大多數文章的主題句並不明顯，需要我們通過體會字里行間蘊含的意思從整體上把握文章的主旨，從全局的角度概括歸納出文章的標題。要防止本末倒置，主次不分，以點代面，以偏概全。

2。針對性原則 針對性原則是對標題外延的一種界定。概括性原則要求文章標題包括文章的主要內容。但如果標題過大，就違背了針對性原則、針對性原則要求標題不能太過於概括，而是要直接指向文章的主旨。即標題不能太大也不能太小。要量體裁衣，大小適度。

3。醒目性原則 標題是文章的點睛之筆，是文章的靈魂。標題的好壞往往會影響文章的可讀性。讀者往往從標題上決定文章的閱讀取捨。故標題往往比較醒目，甚至比較離奇，目的是為了吸引讀者的注意力，喚起讀者對文章閱讀的興趣。所以在標題選擇的過程中，在滿足概括性和針對性的條件下，還要考慮標題的醒目性。

(二)推理判斷題

推理判斷題是指在理解原文字面意義的基礎上，通過對語篇邏輯關系的分析和細節的暗示，作出一定的判斷和推理，從而得出文章的深層意義及隱含意義的過程。推理判斷題在閱讀中屬於難度較高的題型，通常占總題數的15%－30%。它主要考查考生理清上下文邏輯關系的能力以及考生的識別能力。推理判斷題所涉及的內容可能是文中某一句話，也可能是某幾句話，要求考生在遵循原文意義的基礎上，對文章字面信息進行分析、挖掘、邏輯推理，揭示其深層含義。常出現的推理題有邏輯推理，知識推理等。這類考題中常出現的詞有：infer, imply, suggest, indicate, conclude, learn from, probably, most likely, can, could, might, may等。

常見的命題方式：

From paragraph one we can infer that_________

What can be inferred from the passage?

We can infer from the text that…?

What can we learn from…?

We can conclude from the passage that_______

The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that______

The author implies that_______

This passage would most likely be found in______

The author』s attitude toward…is_________?

推理判斷題要在閱讀理解整體語篇的基礎上，掌握文章的真正內涵。(1)要吃透文章的字面意思，從字里行間捕捉有用的提示和線索，這是推理的前提和基礎；(2)要對文字的表面信息進行挖掘加工，由表入里，由淺入深，從具體到抽象，從特殊到一般，通過分析、綜合、判斷等，進行深層處理，符合邏輯地推理。不能就事論事，斷章取義，以偏概全；(3)要忠實於原文，不能主觀臆想，更不能以自己的觀點代替作者的觀點；(4)要把握句、段之間的邏輯關系，了解語篇的結構。要體會文章的基調，揣摩作者的態度，摸准邏輯發展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。

【典例1】 Michael Fish may soon be replaced as a weather forecaster by something truly fishier—the shark(鯊魚)。

Research by a British biology student suggests that sharks could be used to predict storms。

Lauren Smith, 24, is close to completing her study on shark』s ability to sense pressure。

If her studies prove the theory, scientists may be able to monitor the behaviour of sharks to predict bad weather。

…

It has been discovered that a shark senses pressure using hair cells in its balance system。

At the Bimini Shark Lab in the Bahamas, Miss Smith fixed hi-tech sensors to sharks to record pressure and temperature, while also tracking them using GPS (Global Positioning System) technology。

In Aberdeen, she was able to study the effects of tidal(潮汐的) and temperature changes on dogfish—none of which were harmed. She also used a special lab which can mimic(模擬) oceanic pressure changes caused by weather fronts。

She is e to complete her study and graate later this year. She says she will be looking for a job which will give her the chance to enrich her experience of shark research. (2008·天津卷)

44. The passage is most probably taken from _____。

A. a short-story collection

B. a popular science magazine

C. a research paper

D. a personal diary

45. What do we learn from the first four paragraph of the passage?

A. Sharks may be used to predict bad weather。

B. Sharks』 behaviour can be controlled。

C. Michael Fish is not qualified for his job。

D. Lauren Smith will become a weather forecaster。

如：Mary is e to leave at two o』clock。

【解析】 本文為科普類文章，介紹了一位英國生物系學生對於鯊魚來預測暴風雨的研究。

44. B 推理判斷題。本題適宜用排除法。由文章內容來看這是一篇科普文，A、D可刪除，由文章的語言來看，並未出現大量的專業術語，可刪除C 「a research paper」(科研論文)

45. A 推理判斷題。由第一段和第四段可知，前四段所要表達的含義為If her studies prove the theory, scientists may be able to monitor the behavior of Sharks to predict bad weather。(科學家們可以通過監視鯊魚的行為來預測不好的天氣」。故A 項正確。細節推斷題要求學生根據語篇關系，推斷具體細節，如時間、地點、人物關系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根據短文提供的信息，或者藉助生活常識進行推理判斷。解答此類題，不僅需要我們有一定的社會基礎知識，而且還需要對細節以及有關背景知識有一個充分的理解。

【典例2】 It had been some time since Jack had seen the old man. College, carrier, and life itself got in the way. In fact, Jack moved clear across the country in pursuit of the dreams. There, in the rush of his busy life, Jack had little time to think about the past and often no time to spend with his wife and son. He was working on his future, and nothing could stop him。

Over the phone, his mother told him, 「Mr. Belser died last night. The funeral is Wednesday。」 Memories fleshed through his mind like an old newsreel as he sat quietly remembering his childhood days。

…

Inside he found these words carved: 「Jack. Thanks for your time! Harold Belser。」

「Oh. My God! This is the thing he valued most …」

Jack held the watch for a few minutes, then called his assistant and cleared his appointments for the next two days. 「Why?」 his assistant asked。

「I need some time to spend with my son,」 he said. (2008·江蘇卷)

69. Why did Jack say he needed some time to spend with his son?

A. He was very tired of his work and wanted to have a good rest。

B. He had promised to spare more time to stay with his son。

C. He had missed his son and his family for days。

D. He came to realize the importance of the time with his family。

【解析】 本文屬於記敘文，文章由鄰居之死而引出一個不容忽視的社會主題：友情、親情才是最重要的。69. D推理判斷題，由文中可知Belser的遺言對Jack觸動很大，同時也使他開始領悟到：只有親人、朋友才是生活中最重要的。因果推斷題要求考生根據已知結果推測導致該結果產生的可能原因，考生要准確掌握文章的內涵，理解文章的真正含義。回答推理判斷題的試題時，考生一定要牢記，能夠直接從文中找到的選項不是正確選項，因為與原文一樣的句子不叫推理。只有那些沒有在文中直接出現，但根據文中的信息經過推斷可以得出的才是符合題意的正確選項。

【典例3】As kids, my friends and I spent a lot of time out in the woods. 「The woods」 was our part-time address, destination, purpose, and excuse. If I went to a friend』s house and found him not at home, his mother might say, 「Oh, he』s out in the woods, 」 with a tone(語氣) of airy acceptance. It』s similar to the tone people sometimes use nowadays to tell me that someone I』m looking for is on the golf course or at the gym, or even 「away from his desk。」 For us ten-year-olds, 「being out in the woods」 was just an excuse to do whatever we feel like for a while。

…

It was in a tree, too, that our days of fooling around in the woods came to an end. By then some of us has reached seventh grade and had begun the rough ride of adolescence(青春期). In March, the month when we usually took to the woods again after winter, two friends and I set out to go exploring. We climbed a tree, and all of a sudden it occurred to all three of us at the same time that were really were rather big to be up in a tree. Soon there would be the spring dances on Friday evenings in the high school cafeteria. (2008·天津卷)

55. How does the author feel about his childhood?

A. Happy but short. B. Lonely but memorable。

C. Boring and meaningless. D. Long and unforgettable。

【解析】 本文描述了小時侯玩耍的「樹林」對與「我」和朋友們的意義。主要講述了我們在「樹林」中所從事的活動——探索，以及之後隨著年齡的增長，不再去那裡的過程。55. A 從全文看，作者在「樹林」里過的很愉快，又由最後一段可知，當我們一部分人上了七年級之後。我們在「樹林」中的玩耍就結束了。很短暫。因此，正確選項為A。做這一類題時一定注意：1. 由表及裡地准確把握字里行間的意思，切勿用自己的主觀想法或觀點代替作者的思想觀點。2. 要特別注意那些描寫環境氣氛的語言，以及表達感情、態度觀點的詞語和作者在文章中的措辭，尤其是感情色彩的形容詞。3. 能結合自己平時積累的有關英語國家的文化傳統、風俗習慣等背景知識來識別評價。

(三)詞義推測題

該題型主要考查考生根據上下文推測詞義和語義的能力，突出考查對語境的分析和把握能力。近幾年的高考閱讀理解題越來越重視對猜詞悟義能力的考查，試題中有一到兩個小題是直接考查詞義猜測的。從考查內容看主要有猜測某個生詞、熟詞、短語或句子的意思以及猜測代詞的指代等。

常見的命題方式：

Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word…?

The word…could best be replaced by…?

In the…paragraph, the word…means(refers to)…

According to the passage,…probably means…

The authors uses the word…to mean…

The word…is most likely to mean…。

【典例1】 Parents and kids today dress alike, listen to the same music, and are friends. Is this a good thing? Sometimes, when Mr. Ballmer and his 16-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, listen to rock music together and talk about interests both enjoy, such as pop culture, he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager。

「I would never have said to my mom, 『Hey, the new Weezer album is really great. How do you like it?』」 says Ballmer. 「There was just a complete gap in taste。」

Music was not the only gulf. From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations, earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits。

… (2008·廣東卷)

41. The underlined word 「gulf」 in Para.3 most probably means _________。

A. interest B. distance C. difference D. separation

【解析】 本文講述「代溝」的發展、變化。以40歲左右為分界線，之前和之後與子女間的關系在改變，雖然代溝越來越窄，但仍沒有消失，家庭研究專家提醒新的平等關系也會導致子女對父母的不尊重。41. D 由上文中提到的 「…he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager。」以及「There was just a complete gap in taste。」可知gulf應表示兩代人之間關系的「代溝」。separation指「分開，分離」。猜測詞義時更多用到的方法是：結合上下文的意義、線索、內在邏輯關系。一般情況下，上下文所提示的意義與所考詞彙通常是同義、反義或針對性解釋的關系，可直接確定詞義。根據上下文意義很難作出判斷的，就考慮用句法和內在邏輯方法去判斷，符合句法和內在邏輯的可能為正確答案，反之則排除。

【典例2】

Dear Hamilton,

We are fortunate that in such a large, high-pressure office we all get along so well. You are one of the people who keep the social temperature at such a comfortable setting. I don』t know anyone in the office who is better liked than you。

You can perhaps help with this. The collection of contributions towards gifts for employees』 personal-life events is becoming a little troubling. Certainly, the group sending of a gift is reasonable now and then. In the past month, however, there have been collections for two baby shower gifts, one wedding shower gift, two wedding gifts, one funeral(葬禮)remembrance, four birthday gifts, and three graation gifts。

It』s not only the collected-from who are growing uncomfortable (and poor)， but the collected-for feel uneasy receiving gifts from people who don』t know them outside the office, who wouldn』t even recognize their graating children, their marrying daughters and sons, or their dead relatives。

This is basically a kind gesture (and one that people think well of you for)， but the practice seems to have become too wide-ranging and feels improper in today』s office setting。

Thank you for understanding. (2008·北京卷)

63. The underlined word 「contributions」 probably means ________。

A. money B. suggestions C. reports D. understanding

【解析】 這是一篇書信，作者提出辦公室里存在一種不好的現象：無論有什麼事，辦公室里所有人都湊份子錢。作者對這種做法提出質疑，說這種風氣不好，並希望收信人能夠關注此事。63. A 第二段說湊份子是為了買禮物慶祝職員個人生活中的大事，比如婚禮，葬禮等。結合選項判斷，畫線部分的contributions指money，故選A。做題時，首先要仔細看單詞來確定詞性，是名詞、動詞、形容詞還是副詞，(如上面的高考題中的contributions，根據-tion我們可以推知該詞應該是名詞)；然後好好研究含有生詞的從句或句子與其他的句子或段落之間的關系，或跟相鄰單詞或句子的關系，它們之間可能出現因果、比較、時間、例證等關系，有時候標點符號也可以提供線索。最後還要根據上下文檢測猜測結果的正確性。

Ⅱ 文筆好質量高的短篇小說（類似高考閱讀題里的小說），散文也可

你熱愛小說、散文創作，很好。現推薦名家寫的一篇小說《淚灑珠江》，該小說創專作的背景是九十年屬代。該作品屬反映現實主義題材作品，故事情節曲折復雜，人物形象突出，細節描寫打動人心到位。文筆簡潔、語言通暢，曾經被評選為全國首屆原創小說一等獎；散文《故鄉的羅猛塘》，文筆簡潔優美，語言通暢，主題思想好，曾經被評為「中華情」全國散文一等獎。有空的話，點擊看看。祝你進步。

Ⅲ 求百度文庫中 最全高考小說閱讀真題匯編+小說類閱讀技巧，超漂亮

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