Ⅰ 世界著名的短篇小說
世界著名的短篇小說 :
雨果： 克洛德.格
歐文： 鬼新郎
左拉： 陪襯人
都德： 三部專大彌撒屬
哈代： 富於想像的婦人
海涅： 帕格尼尼
普希金： 黑桃皇後
莫泊桑： 蠻子大媽
梅里美： 伊爾的美神
狄更斯： 窮人的專利
果戈理： 舊式的地主
司各特： 流浪漢威利的故事
契科夫： 寶貝兒
高爾基： 切爾卡希
巴爾扎克： 不為人知的傑作
馬克.吐溫 田納西的新聞界
傑克.倫敦 變節者
屠格涅夫： 總管
歐. 亨利 愛的犧牲
Ⅱ 世界上最出名的短篇小說是什麼
1.北島來的一首詩,題目叫<生活>內容只源有一個字"網".
它被美國時代周刊評為世界上最短的小說.
2.英國《每日鏡報》舉行過一次「三字小說」徵文活動,獲得第一名的是「神垂死」。作者利物甫的魯頓
主題憂郁,表達了對這個世界的種種憂慮。
3.世界上最後一個人正坐在房間里,突然,他聽到了敲門聲. ——很經典的
4.有這樣一個比賽，要創作一部世界上最短的小說，要求涉及宗教，皇室，性和懸念。冠軍得主的作品是這樣的——上帝啊，女王懷孕了，誰乾的？。
以上。
Ⅲ 世界著名短篇小說
THE GIFT OF THE
One dollar and eighty-seven cents. That was all. And sixty cents of it was in pennies. Pennies saved one and two at a time by bulldozing the grocer and the vegetable man and the butcher until one's cheeks burned with the silent imputation of parsimony that such close dealing implied. Three times Della counted it. One dollar and eighty- seven cents. And the next day would be Christmas.
There was clearly nothing to do but flop down on the shabby little couch and howl. So Della did it. Which instigates the moral reflection that life is made up of sobs, sniffles, and smiles, with sniffles predominating.
While the mistress of the home is graally subsiding from the first stage to the second, take a look at the home. A furnished flat at $8 per week. It did not exactly beggar description, but it certainly had that word on the lookout for the mendicancy squad.
In the vestibule below was a letter-box into which no letter would go, and an electric button from which no mortal finger could coax a ring. Also appertaining thereunto was a card bearing the name "Mr. James Dillingham Young."
The "Dillingham" had been flung to the breeze ring a former period of prosperity when its possessor was being paid $30 per week. Now, when the income was shrunk to $20, though, they were thinking seriously of contracting to a modest and unassuming D. But whenever Mr. James Dillingham Young came home and reached his flat above he was called "Jim" and greatly hugged by Mrs. James Dillingham Young, already introced to you as Della. Which is all very good.
Della finished her cry and attended to her cheeks with the powder rag. She stood by the window and looked out lly at a gray cat walking a gray fence in a gray backyard. Tomorrow would be Christmas Day, and she had only $1.87 with which to buy Jim a present. She had been saving every penny she could for months, with this result. Twenty dollars a week doesn't go far. Expenses had been greater than she had calculated. They always are. Only $1.87 to buy a present for Jim. Her Jim. Many a happy hour she had spent planning for something nice for him. Something fine and rare and sterling--something just a little bit near to being worthy of the honor of being owned by Jim.
There was a pier-glass between the windows of the room. Perhaps you have seen a pier-glass in an $8 flat. A very thin and very agile person may, by observing his reflection in a rapid sequence of longitudinal strips, obtain a fairly accurate conception of his looks. Della, being slender, had mastered the art.
Suddenly she whirled from the window and stood before the glass. her eyes were shining brilliantly, but her face had lost its color within twenty seconds. Rapidly she pulled down her hair and let it fall to its full length.
Now, there were two possessions of the James Dillingham Youngs in which they both took a mighty pride. One was Jim's gold watch that had been his father's and his grandfather's. The other was Della's hair. Had the queen of Sheba lived in the flat across the airshaft, Della would have let her hair hang out the window some day to dry just to depreciate Her Majesty's jewels and gifts. Had King Solomon been the janitor, with all his treasures piled up in the basement, Jim would have pulled out his watch every time he passed, just to see him pluck at his beard from envy.
So now Della's beautiful hair fell about her rippling and shining like a cascade of brown waters. It reached below her knee and made itself almost a garment for her. And then she did it up again nervously and quickly. Once she faltered for a minute and stood still while a tear or two splashed on the worn red carpet.
On went her old brown jacket; on went her old brown hat. With a whirl of skirts and with the brilliant sparkle still in her eyes, she fluttered out the door and down the stairs to the street.
Where she stopped the sign read: "Mne. Sofronie. Hair Goods of All Kinds." One flight up Della ran, and collected herself, panting. Madame, large, too white, chilly, hardly looked the "Sofronie."
"Will you buy my hair?" asked Della.
"I buy hair," said Madame. "Take yer hat off and let's have a sight at the looks of it."
Down rippled the brown cascade.
"Twenty dollars," said Madame, lifting the mass with a practised hand.
"Give it to me quick," said Della.
Oh, and the next two hours tripped by on rosy wings. Forget the hashed metaphor. She was ransacking the stores for Jim's present.
She found it at last. It surely had been made for Jim and no one else. There was no other like it in any of the stores, and she had turned all of them inside out. It was a platinum fob chain simple and chaste in design, properly proclaiming its value by substance alone and not by meretricious ornamentation--as all good things should do. It was even worthy of The Watch. As soon as she saw it she knew that it must be Jim's. It was like him. Quietness and value--the description applied to both. Twenty-one dollars they took from her for it, and she hurried home with the 87 cents. With that chain on his watch Jim might be properly anxious about the time in any company. Grand as the watch was, he sometimes looked at it on the sly on account of the old leather strap that he used in place of a chain.
When Della reached home her intoxication gave way a little to prudence and reason. She got out her curling irons and lighted the gas and went to work repairing the ravages made by generosity added to love. Which is always a tremendous task, dear friends--a mammoth task.
Within forty minutes her head was covered with tiny, close-lying curls that made her look wonderfully like a truant schoolboy. She looked at her reflection in the mirror long, carefully, and critically.
"If Jim doesn't kill me," she said to herself, "before he takes a second look at me, he'll say I look like a Coney Island chorus girl. But what could I do--oh! what could I do with a dollar and eighty- seven cents?"
At 7 o'clock the coffee was made and the frying-pan was on the back of the stove hot and ready to cook the chops.
Jim was never late. Della doubled the fob chain in her hand and sat on the corner of the table near the door that he always entered. Then she heard his step on the stair away down on the first flight, and she turned white for just a moment. She had a habit for saying little silent prayer about the simplest everyday things, and now she whispered: "Please God, make him think I am still pretty."
The door opened and Jim stepped in and closed it. He looked thin and very serious. Poor fellow, he was only twenty-two--and to be burdened with a family! He needed a new overcoat and he was without gloves.
Jim stopped inside the door, as immovable as a setter at the scent of quail. His eyes were fixed upon Della, and there was an expression in them that she could not read, and it terrified her. It was not anger, nor surprise, nor disapproval, nor horror, nor any of the sentiments that she had been prepared for. He simply stared at her fixedly with that peculiar expression on his face.
Della wriggled off the table and went for him.
"Jim, darling," she cried, "don't look at me that way. I had my hair cut off and sold because I couldn't have lived through Christmas without giving you a present. It'll grow out again--you won't mind, will you? I just had to do it. My hair grows awfully fast. Say `Merry Christmas!' Jim, and let's be happy. You don't know what a nice-- what a beautiful, nice gift I've got for you."
"You've cut off your hair?" asked Jim, laboriously, as if he had not arrived at that patent fact yet even after the hardest mental labor.
"Cut it off and sold it," said Della. "Don't you like me just as well, anyhow? I'm me without my hair, ain't I?"
Jim looked about the room curiously.
"You say your hair is gone?" he said, with an air almost of idiocy.
"You needn't look for it," said Della. "It's sold, I tell you--sold and gone, too. It's Christmas Eve, boy. Be good to me, for it went for you. Maybe the hairs of my head were numbered," she went on with sudden serious sweetness, "but nobody could ever count my love for you. Shall I put the chops on, Jim?"
Out of his trance Jim seemed quickly to wake. He enfolded his Della. For ten seconds let us regard with discreet scrutiny some inconsequential object in the other direction. Eight dollars a week or a million a year--what is the difference? A mathematician or a wit would give you the wrong answer. The magi brought valuable gifts, but that was not among them. This dark assertion will be illuminated later on.
Jim drew a package from his overcoat pocket and threw it upon the table.
"Don't make any mistake, Dell," he said, "about me. I don't think there's anything in the way of a haircut or a shave or a shampoo that could make me like my girl any less. But if you'll unwrap that package you may see why you had me going a while at first."
White fingers and nimble tore at the string and paper. And then an ecstatic scream of joy; and then, alas! a quick feminine change to hysterical tears and wails, necessitating the immediate employment of all the comforting powers of the lord of the flat.
For there lay The Combs--the set of combs, side and back, that Della had worshipped long in a Broadway window. Beautiful combs, pure tortoise shell, with jewelled rims--just the shade to wear in the beautiful vanished hair. They were expensive combs, she knew, and her heart had simply craved and yearned over them without the least hope of possession. And now, they were hers, but the tresses that should have adorned the coveted adornments were gone.
But she hugged them to her bosom, and at length she was able to look up with dim eyes and a smile and say: "My hair grows so fast, Jim!"
And them Della leaped up like a little singed cat and cried, "Oh, oh!"
Jim had not yet seen his beautiful present. She held it out to him eagerly upon her open palm. The ll precious metal seemed to flash with a reflection of her bright and ardent spirit.
"Isn't it a dandy, Jim? I hunted all over town to find it. You'll have to look at the time a hundred times a day now. Give me your watch. I want to see how it looks on it."
Instead of obeying, Jim tumbled down on the couch and put his hands under the back of his head and smiled.
"Dell," said he, "let's put our Christmas presents away and keep 'em a while. They're too nice to use just at present. I sold the watch to get the money to buy your combs. And now suppose you put the chops on."
The magi, as you know, were wise men--wonderfully wise men--who brought gifts to the Babe in the manger. They invented the art of giving Christmas presents. Being wise, their gifts were no doubt wise ones, possibly bearing the privilege of exchange in case of plication. And here I have lamely related to you the uneventful chronicle of two foolish children in a flat who most unwisely sacrificed for each other the greatest treasures of their house. But in a last word to the wise of these days let it be said that of all who give gifts these two were the wisest. O all who give and receive gifts, such as they are wisest. Everywhere they are wisest. They are the magi.
Ⅳ 世界著名短篇小說有哪些
(1)莫泊桑
十九世紀法國著名的批判現實主義小說家.1880年發表第一個短篇小說《羊脂球》,此後陸續寫了一大批思想性和藝術性完美結合的短篇小說,博得世界短篇小說巨匠的贊譽.他的創作廣泛而深刻地反映了十九世紀後半期的法國社會現實,無情地揭露了資產階級道德風尚的丑惡,對下層社會的"小人物"寄予同情.小說構思新穎,描寫生動,人物語言個性化,布局謀篇別具匠心.代表作有短篇小說《羊脂球》,《項鏈》等,長篇小說《一生》,《俊友》(又譯做《漂亮的朋友》等.
(2)契可夫
十世世紀俄國批判現實主義作家,戲劇家和短篇小說藝術大師.他的早期合作諷刺和揭露了俄國社會官場人物媚上欺下的丑惡面目,寫得諧趣橫生,發人深思.八十年代中期,他創作了既幽默又富於悲劇的短篇小說,反映了社會底層人民的被侮辱被損害的不幸生活,具有深刻的思想意義.代表作有短篇小說《變色龍》,《苦惱》,《萬卡》,《第六病室》,《套中人》等.
(3)歐.亨利
十九世紀末二十世紀初美國現實主義著名作家.曾被誣告罪入獄三年.後遷居紐約,專事寫作,他幾乎每周寫一篇短篇小說,供報刊發表.他一生創作了近三百篇短篇小說和一部長篇小說,對腐朽的資本主義制度,反人道的法律,虛偽的道德給予揭露和諷刺.代表作有長篇小說《白菜與皇帝》,短篇小說《麥琪的禮物》,《警察與贊美詩》等.
Ⅳ 國外著名的短篇小說下載
（1）《安娜•卡列尼娜》
「幸福的家庭都相似，不幸的家庭各有各的不幸。」——《安娜•卡列尼娜》
作品賞析：《安娜•卡列尼娜》是俄國著名作家托爾斯泰最主要的代表作之一。這部作品剛剛問世，就引起了人們的廣泛注意。與他同時代的俄羅斯作家陀思妥耶夫斯基甚至認為，這「是一部盡善盡美的藝術作品」，現代歐洲文學中簡直「沒有一個同類的東西可以和它相比」。安娜•卡列尼娜》確實是一部偉大的作品，作為一個現實主義作家，托爾斯泰在這部小說中創作了一幅無與倫比的19世紀70年代俄國社會生活的畫卷。俄國詩人費特說，作者簡直好像把整個時代都裝進了這部小說。
反映時代：《安娜•卡列尼娜》創作於19世紀70年代(1873-1877)，當時俄國正處於歷史大變動時期，俄國古老的封建地主受到西歐資本主義浪潮的猛烈沖擊。「一切都顛倒了過來，一切都剛剛開始建立。」指的就是封建貴族的舊秩序被顛倒了過來，資本主義制度剛剛開始建立。在這新舊交替的歷史時期，最吸引托爾斯泰注意的是家庭的變化和婦女的命運。家庭悲劇層出不窮，一幕幕展現在他的眼前，而一個婦女因愛情問題而卧軌自殺的消息，特別使他感到震驚和難過。這也許就是他創作《安娜•卡列尼娜》的直接原因。
（2）《飄》
作品賞析：《飄》是美國著名女作家瑪格麗特•米歇爾創作的一部具有浪漫主義色彩、反映南北戰爭題材的小說。主人公斯佳麗身上表現出來的叛逆精神和艱苦創業、自強不息的精神，一直令讀者為之傾心。美國南北戰爭前夕，喬治亞州塔拉庄園16歲的斯佳麗小姐瘋狂地愛著鄰居阿希禮•韋爾克斯。戰爭爆發後，阿希禮與他的表妹玫蘭妮•漢密頓結了婚，斯佳麗一怒之下，嫁給了自己並不愛的查爾斯。不久，查爾斯在戰爭中病死，斯佳麗成了寡婦。在一次募捐舞會上，她與瑞特•巴特勒船長相識。戰火逼近亞特蘭大，斯佳麗在瑞特船長的幫助下逃離亞特蘭大，回到塔拉庄園。看到昔日庄園已變成廢墟，斯佳麗決心重振家園，為此不惜一切代價。不久，斯佳麗的第二任丈夫弗蘭克在決斗中身亡，她再度守寡。瑞特真誠而熱烈地愛著斯佳麗，不久斯佳麗嫁給了瑞特。雖然瑞特身上有同她類似的氣質特徵吸引著她，但同時她仍迷戀著曾愛過的阿希禮。瑞特帶著傷心離開了斯佳麗，而斯佳麗此時卻意識到瑞特才是惟一能和她真正相愛的人。
（3）《簡•愛》
作品賞析：1847年，《簡•愛》出版後，倫敦一片轟動，與作者夏洛蒂•勃朗特同時代的著名作家薩克雷稱贊它是「一位偉大天才的傑作」。《簡• 愛》描寫了女主人公痛苦、磨難、反抗與追求的心靈歷程。簡•愛身材矮小，其貌不揚，但她卻有著豐富的感情世界。她始終不卑不亢，維護著自己的人格尊嚴，贏得羅切斯特的尊敬與愛慕，雖歷盡苦難，簡•愛最終聽從了心靈的呼喚，重新回到了在一場大火中失去了一切、雙目失明的羅切斯特身邊。兩顆真誠相愛的心靈幸福地結合了。《簡•愛》的成功，在於作品塑造了女主人公簡•愛這個藝術形象。夏洛蒂曾對兩個妹妹艾米莉•勃朗特和安妮•勃朗特說：「我要寫一個女主角給你們看，她和我一樣，貌不驚人，身材矮小，然而她卻要和你們所寫的任何一個女主角同樣能引起讀者的興趣。」作者一反「郎才女貌」的傳統寫法，成功地塑造了一個貌不出眾，矢志追求平等獨立人格的新型婦女形象。
（4）《茶花女》
作品賞析：這是法國著名作家小仲馬筆下的一個浪漫的愛情悲劇。瑪格麗特是巴黎上流社會中的社交明星。她那非凡的美貌和超群的聰慧，使她成為富貴子弟的追逐對象。自從與阿爾芒結識後，阿爾芒的真摯與專一令瑪格麗特深深感動，兩個人傾心相愛。他們遠離繁華鬧市，在巴黎郊區過起了樸素無華的生活。這時，阿爾芒的父親為了家庭的聲譽懇請瑪格麗特離開阿爾芒。為成全阿爾芒家庭的幸福，瑪格麗特離開了阿爾芒。不知內情的阿爾芒，一再給瑪格麗特種種侮辱、難堪。面對生活的沉重打擊，她對人生更加心灰意冷。當阿爾芒得知真情趕到瑪格麗特身邊時，她因貧病交加、身心交瘁，孤苦伶仃地死在自己的寓所里。
（5）《鋼鐵是怎樣煉成的》
作品賞析：《鋼鐵是怎樣煉成的》是蘇聯著名作家奧斯特洛夫斯基的代表作，是蘇聯文學中最具代表性的名著之一，也是世界文學中最激動人心的作品之一。小說敘述了主人公保爾•柯察金的一生，為我們塑造了一個生命不息、奮斗不止的優秀布爾什維克形象。小說發表後，引起巨大反響，主人公保爾也成為蘇聯及我國青年學習的榜樣，激勵人們奮勇向前。
（6）《戰爭與和平》
作品賞析：托爾斯泰的代表作《戰爭與和平》是俄國文學史上第一部卷帙浩繁、長達130萬字的史詩般長篇巨著。小說取材於1812年俄法戰爭時期，以1812年俄國衛國戰爭為中心，反映了從1805年至1820年的重大歷史事件。小說從1805年彼得堡貴族談論拿破崙在歐洲的征戰寫起，中經俄奧聯軍同拿破崙全線潰退，最後寫到1825年十二月黨人運動前夕。作品著重寫了保爾康斯基、別祖霍夫、羅斯托夫、庫拉金四十家族在戰爭與和平環境中的思想和行動，以四個家庭的主要成員安德烈、皮埃爾、娜塔莎的命運為貫穿始終的情節線索，描繪了俄國的社會風尚，展示了廣闊的生活畫卷。它是一部現實主義的、英雄史詩般的長篇小說。小說的出現，正值俄國批判現實主義文學空前繁榮時期，它像一顆璀璨的明星為俄國的文學增添了光彩，也為托爾斯泰贏得了世界文豪的聲譽。
（7）《復活》
《復活》是俄國批判現實主義作家托爾斯泰的傑作，是世界文學的不朽名著之一。小說主人公卡秋莎•瑪絲洛娃本是一個貴族地主家的養女，她被主人的侄子、貴族青年聶赫留朵夫公爵誘奸後遭到遺棄。由此她陷入了苦難的生活，她懷著身孕被主人趕走，四處漂泊，淪為妓女達八年之久。後來她被人誣陷謀財害命而被捕入獄。十年後，聶赫留朵夫以陪審員的身份出庭審理瑪絲洛娃的案件。他認出了被告就是十年前被他遺棄的瑪絲洛娃，他受到了良心的譴責。為了給自己的靈魂贖罪，他四處奔走為她減刑。當所有的努力都無效時，瑪絲洛娃被押送去西伯利亞，聶赫留朵夫與她同行。途中，傳來了皇帝恩准瑪絲洛娃減刑的通知，苦役改為流放。這時的瑪絲洛娃盡管還愛著聶赫留朵夫，但為了他的前途，拒絕了他的求婚，與政治犯西蒙松結合。這兩個主人公的經歷，表現了他們在精神上和道德上的復活。小說揭露了那些貪贓枉法的官吏，觸及了舊法律的本質。
（8）《巴黎聖母院》
作品賞析：《巴黎聖母院》發表於1831年，是法國浪漫主義文學奠基者——雨果的第一部具有重大思想意義和藝術價值的長篇小說，被譽為浪漫主義的代表作。
小說通過吉普賽女郎愛斯美拉達，被巴黎聖母院副主教孚羅洛誣陷迫害致死的悲慘故事，深刻地揭露了教會的黑暗、僧侶的虛偽和封建貴族的殘忍。小說描寫的是15世紀的巴黎社會，貶斥的卻是作者所處時代的社會現實，通篇充滿了反封建、反教權和反社會黑暗的浪漫主義戰斗精神。
（9）《高老頭》
錢可以買到一切，買到女兒。—《高老頭》
作品賞析：《高老頭》是巴爾扎克的代表作之一，在《人間喜劇》中佔有重要的地位。它是《人間喜劇》龐大結構中的一個樞紐站，被稱為《人間喜劇》的 「序幕」。小說「撕下罩在家庭關繫上的溫情脈脈的面紗」，以極大的藝術力量批判了資本主義社會中人與人之間赤裸裸的金錢關系。小說的環境詳細逼真，細節描寫細膩生動，塑造典型人物性格突出，使作品具有極高的藝術魅力，至今仍吸引著全世界的讀者。
（10）《老人與海》
《老人與海》是中篇小說。海明威著。發表於1952年。這是他20年代以來描寫的「硬漢性格」的繼續和發展。小說主要寫一個飽經風霜的古巴老漁夫連續84天在海上打魚而一無收獲，第85天仍然繼續去捕魚，終於捕到了一條大馬林魚，但在返航的途中，又遇到了大群鯊魚的圍攻，老人桑提亞哥奮不顧身，與鯊魚進行了三天的搏鬥，結果當老人返回岸上時只剩下一副巨大的魚骨架子了。小說通過人與自然的斗爭，表達了人要勇敢地面對失敗的主題。桑提亞哥在同象徵厄運的鯊魚的斗爭中雖然失敗了，但他並沒有在厄運面前屈服，認為人雖可以暫時戰敗，但人的精神和意志是永遠也打不垮的。「一個人並不是生來要給打敗的，你盡可以把他消滅掉，可就是打不敗他」。小說在藝術上具有很高的概括性、寓言性和象徵性。運用反襯法、內心獨白來刻畫人物性格，語言清澈流暢、樸素無華。
（11）《十日談》
作品賞析：《十日談》是一部短篇小說集，它是義大利文藝復興時期最早的代表作家卜伽丘對後世影響最大的作品，是歐洲近代文學史上第一部現實主義作品。寫於1384年，成書於1353年。小說文筆精練，語言生動。作品開端敘述10個男女青年為躲避黑死病，住在佛羅倫薩鄉間的一個別墅里，每天每人講一個故事，在10天中輪流講了100個故事，故名《十日談》。它反映了當時義大利的廣闊現實社會，反對禁慾主義，歌頌男女愛情，反對等級特權，宣揚人類平等，揭露貴族的腐朽和愚昧，抨擊僧侶的虛偽和荒謬。故事大都取材於歷史事件、中世紀的民間傳說和東方民間故事。在形式上突破了中世紀小說單純講故事的方式，企圖在描寫自然風貌、勾勒人物特徵、刻畫人物心理和雕塑形象方面探索新的途徑，對後來歐洲小說的發展有重大影響。
Ⅵ 世界上著名的短篇小說，一定要短
雨果： 克洛德.格
歐文： 鬼新郎
左拉： 陪襯人
都德： 三部大彌撒內
哈代： 富於想容象的婦人
海涅： 帕格尼尼
普希金： 黑桃皇後
莫泊桑： 蠻子大媽
梅里美： 伊爾的美神
狄更斯： 窮人的專利
果戈理： 舊式的地主
司各特： 流浪漢威利的故事
契科夫： 寶貝兒
高爾基： 切爾卡希
巴爾扎克： 不為人知的傑作
馬克.吐溫 田納西的新聞界
傑克.倫敦 變節者
屠格涅夫： 總管
歐. 亨利 愛的犧牲
Ⅶ 世界上最著名的三部短篇小說的作者是
法.莫泊桑
俄.契可夫
美.歐.亨利
（1）莫泊桑
十九世紀法國著名的批判現實主義小說家。1880年發表第一個短篇小說《羊脂球》，此後陸續寫了一大批思想性和藝術性完美結合的短篇小說，博得世界短篇小說巨匠的贊譽。他的創作廣泛而深刻地反映了十九世紀後半期的法國社會現實，無情地揭露了資產階級道德風尚的丑惡，對下層社會的「小人物」寄予同情。小說構思新穎，描寫生動，人物語言個性化，布局謀篇別具匠心。代表作有短篇小說《羊脂球》、《項鏈》等，長篇小說《一生》、《俊友》（又譯做《漂亮的朋友》等。
（2）契可夫
十九世世紀俄國批判現實主義作家、戲劇家和短篇小說藝術大師。他的早期合作諷刺和揭露了俄國社會官場人物媚上欺下的丑惡面目，寫得諧趣橫生，發人深思。八十年代中期，他創作了既幽默又富於悲劇的短篇小說，反映了社會底層人民的被侮辱被損害的不幸生活，具有深刻的思想意義。代表作有短篇小說《變色龍》、《苦惱》、《萬卡》、《第六病室》、《套中人》等。
（3）歐.亨利
十九世紀末二十世紀初美國現實主義著名作家。曾被誣告罪入獄三年。後遷居紐約，專事寫作，他幾乎每周寫一篇短篇小說，供報刊發表。他一生創作了近三百篇短篇小說和一部長篇小說，對腐朽的資本主義制度、反人道的法律、虛偽的道德給予揭露和諷刺。代表作有長篇小說《白菜與皇帝》，短篇小說《麥琪的禮物》、《警察與贊美詩》等。